HAMenene Psoriasis? Alamomi da Hanyoyin Magani
Menene Psoriasis?
Psoriasis, wanda kuma aka sani da psoriasis, cuta ce ta yau da kullun kuma ba za a iya warkewa ba kuma ana ganinta a kusan 1-3% a duk duniya. Kodayake sau da yawa yana farawa a cikin shekaru talatin, yana iya faruwa a kowane shekaru daga haihuwa. Akwai tarihin iyali a cikin kashi 30% na lokuta.
A cikin psoriasis, sel a cikin fata suna ƙirƙirar antigens daban-daban. Wadannan antigens suna taka rawa wajen kunna tsarin rigakafi. Kwayoyin rigakafi masu aiki suna komawa ga fata kuma suna haifar da yaduwar kwayar halitta da sakamakon samuwar takamaiman plaques na psoriasis akan fata. Don haka, psoriasis cuta ce da jiki ke tasowa akan kyallensa. Irin wannan cuta ana rarraba su azaman cututtukan autoimmune.
A cikin marasa lafiya na psoriasis, ƙwayoyin lymphocyte T na tsarin rigakafi sun kunna kuma sun fara tarawa a cikin fata. Bayan tarin waɗannan ƙwayoyin cuta a cikin fata, yanayin rayuwar wasu ƙwayoyin fata yana haɓakawa kuma waɗannan ƙwayoyin suna yin tsari na plaques masu wuya. Psoriasis yana faruwa ne sakamakon yaduwar tsarin waɗannan ƙwayoyin fata.
Kwayoyin fata suna samuwa a cikin zurfin yadudduka na fata, a hankali suna tashi sama, kuma bayan wani ɗan lokaci, sai su kammala tsarin rayuwarsu kuma suna zubar da su. Rayuwar sel fata tana ɗaukar kusan wata 1. A cikin marasa lafiya na psoriasis, ana iya rage wannan yanayin rayuwa har zuwa yan kwanaki.
Kwayoyin da suka kammala zagayowar rayuwarsu ba su da lokacin faduwa su fara taruwa a saman juna. Launuka da ke faruwa ta wannan hanya na iya bayyana a matsayin plaques, musamman a wuraren haɗin gwiwa, amma kuma a kan hannaye, ƙafafu, wuyansa, kai ko fatar fuska.
Me ke Hana Psoriasis?
Ba a bayyana ainihin dalilin psoriasis ba. Binciken na baya-bayan nan ya jaddada raayin cewa kwayoyin halitta da abubuwan da ke da alaka da tsarin rigakafi na iya yin tasiri tare wajen bunkasa cutar.
A cikin psoriasis, wanda shine yanayin autoimmune, sel waɗanda suka saba yaƙi da ƙananan ƙwayoyin cuta na waje suna haɗa ƙwayoyin rigakafi daga antigens na ƙwayoyin fata kuma suna haifar da rashes na dabia. Ana tunanin cewa wasu abubuwan muhalli da kwayoyin halitta na iya haifar da haɓakar ƙwayoyin fata waɗanda ke haɓaka da sauri fiye da na alada.
Mafi yawan waɗannan abubuwan da ke haifar da rudani sune:
- Maƙogwaro ko ciwon fata
- Yanayin sanyi da bushewar yanayi
- Tare da cututtuka daban-daban na autoimmune
- Raunin fata
- Damuwa
- Amfani da taba ko bayyanar da hayakin sigari
- Yawan shan barasa
- Bayan saurin dakatar da magungunan steroid da aka samu
- Bayan amfani da wasu magungunan da ake amfani da su don magance hawan jini ko zazzabin cizon sauro
Don tambayar ko psoriasis yana da yaduwa, ana iya ba da amsar cewa wannan cuta na iya faruwa a cikin kowa kuma babu wani abu kamar yadawa tsakanin mutane. Za a iya gano tarihin farkon ƙuruciya a cikin kashi ɗaya bisa uku na lokuta.
Samun tarihin iyali muhimmin abu ne mai haɗari. Samun wannan cuta a cikin dangin ku na iya haifar da ƙarin damar mai fama da psoriasis. Ana gano psoriasis da aka gada a cikin kusan kashi 10% na mutane a cikin rukunin haɗari. Daga cikin 10%, 2-3% suna haɓaka psoriasis.
Nazarin daban-daban sun nuna cewa za a iya samun yankuna 25 daban-daban na zuciya da ke hade da hadarin psoriasis. Canje-canje a cikin waɗannan yankuna na kwayoyin halitta na iya haifar da ƙwayoyin T don yin hali daban da na alada. Rashes a cikin nauin dilation na jini, hanzarin sake zagayowar tantanin halitta da dandruff suna faruwa akan fata da ƙwayoyin T suka mamaye.
Menene Alamomi da Nauin Psoriasis?
Psoriasis yana da tsari na yau da kullun kuma yawancin marasa lafiya suna fuskantar plaques na fata da dandruff. Cutar tana da yawa a cikin kwata na lokuta. Farfadowa da gaggawa ba kasafai ba ne, amma a wasu lokuta, lokutan gafara da tashin hankali na iya faruwa. Damuwa, barasa, ƙwayoyin cuta ko ƙwayoyin cuta na iya haifar da tashin hankali. Har ila yau shan taba na daga cikin abubuwan da ke kara tsananta cutar.
Yawancin marasa lafiya suna da ƙaiƙayi da kuma plaques akan fata. A cikin cututtukan gama gari, ana iya samun wahala wajen kiyaye zafin jiki, sanyi, rawar jiki, da ƙara yawan furotin. A wasu lokuta, rheumatism na iya tasowa saboda psoriasis. A cikin rheumatism da ke da alaka da psoriasis, yana iya faruwa a cikin wuyan hannu, yatsunsu, gwiwa, idon kafa da wuyansa. A cikin waɗannan lokuta, akwai kuma raunukan fata.
Alamun psoriasis na iya bayyana a koina a jiki, amma galibi suna faruwa a gwiwoyi, gwiwar hannu, fatar kai da yankin alaura. Lokacin da psoriasis ya faru akan ƙusoshi, ƙananan ramuka, launin rawaya-launin ruwan kasa da kauri na ƙusa na iya faruwa.
Psoriasis yana da naui daban-daban dangane da nauin raunuka na fata:
- Plaque Psoriasis
Plaque psoriasis, ko psoriasis vulgaris, shine mafi yawan nauin nauin psoriasis kuma yana ɗaukar kusan kashi 85% na marasa lafiya. Ana siffanta shi da launin toka ko fari a kan ƙullun ja mai kauri. Launuka sun fi faruwa akan gwiwoyi, gwiwar hannu, yankin lumbar da fatar kai.
Wadannan raunukan da suka bambanta da girmansu daga santimita 1 zuwa 10, suna iya kai girman da ya rufe wani bangare na jiki a wasu mutane. Raunin da ke haifar da ayyuka kamar tatsawa akan fata mara kyau na iya haifar da samuwar raunuka a wannan yanki. Wannan yanayin, wanda ake kira lamarin Koebner, na iya nuna cewa cutar tana aiki a wannan lokacin.
Gano zub da jini a cikin samfuran da aka ɗauka daga raunuka a cikin plaque psoriasis marasa lafiya ana kiran su alamar Auspitz kuma yana da mahimmanci don ganewar asibiti.
- Cutar Psoriasis
Guttate psoriasis ya haifar da raunuka a cikin naui na kananan daira ja akan fata. Shi ne na biyu mafi na kowa psoriasis subtype bayan plaque psoriasis kuma yana cikin kusan 8% na marasa lafiya. Guttate psoriasis yakan fara farawa tun yana ƙuruciya da ƙuruciya.
Abubuwan da ke haifar da ƙananan ƙananan ne, sun rabu kuma suna da siffar digo. Rashes, wanda ke faruwa akai-akai akan kututturewa da sassan jiki, na iya fitowa a fuska da fatar kai. Kaurin kurjin bai kai na plaque psoriasis ba, amma yana iya yin kauri na tsawon lokaci.
Akwai iya zama daban-daban dalilai masu jawo a cikin ci gaban guttate psoriasis. Ciwon makogwaro na ƙwayoyin cuta, damuwa, raunin fata, kamuwa da cuta da magunguna daban-daban na daga cikin waɗannan abubuwan da ke jawowa. Mafi yawan abin da aka gano a cikin yara shine cututtuka na numfashi na sama da kwayoyin streptococcus ke haifar da su. Guttate Psoriasis shine nauin psoriasis tare da mafi kyawun hangen nesa tsakanin duka substepes.
- Pustular Psoriasis
Pustular psoriasis, daya daga cikin naui mai tsanani na psoriasis, yana haifar da pustules ja, kamar yadda sunan ya nuna. Launuka na iya faruwa a sassa da yawa na jiki, gami da keɓaɓɓun wurare kamar tafin hannu da ƙafafu, kuma suna iya kaiwa ga girma da ke rufe babban yanki. Pustalar Pustumal, kamar sauran magudi, na iya shafar wuraren haɗin gwiwa kuma suna haifar da dandruff akan fata. Sakamakon raunukan pustular sun kasance a cikin naui na fari, masu cike da blisters.
A wasu mutane, lokacin harin da pustules ke faruwa da lokacin gafara na iya bin juna a zagaye. A lokacin samuwar pustules, mutum na iya fuskantar alamun mura kamar mura. Zazzabi, sanyi, saurin bugun jini, raunin tsoka da rashin ci na daga cikin alamun da ka iya faruwa a wannan lokacin.
- Psoriasis intertriginous
Wannan nauin nauin psoriasis, wanda kuma ake kira flexural ko inverse psoriasis, gabaɗaya yana faruwa a cikin ƙirjin, ɗamarar hannu da kuma fata na makwancin gwaiwa inda fata ke ninkewa. Sakamakon raunuka suna ja da haske.
A cikin marasa lafiya tare da psoriasis masu tsaka-tsaki, raƙuman ruwa bazai iya faruwa ba saboda danshi a wuraren da raunuka suka bayyana. Ya kamata a yi taka tsantsan domin wannan yanayin yana iya rikicewa da cututtukan ƙwayoyin cuta ko fungal a wasu mutane.
Mutanen da ke da wannan psoriasis ana samun su tare da naui-naui daban-daban a wasu sassan jiki. Yakamata a yi taka tsantsan saboda raunuka na iya yin muni tare da gogayya.
- Erythrodermic Psoriasis
Erythrodermic psoriasis, wanda kuma aka sani da exfoliative psoriasis, wani nauin nauin psoriasis ne wanda ba kasafai ba wanda ke haifar da raunuka masu ƙonawa. Wannan cuta na iya zama mai tsanani don buƙatar kulawar likita na gaggawa. Rashin kula da zafin jiki na jiki yana daya daga cikin mahimman dalilai na asibiti a irin waɗannan marasa lafiya.
A cikin erythrodermic psoriasis, wanda zai iya rufe babban yanki na jiki a lokaci guda, fata yana kama da ita bayan kunar rana. Launuka na iya yin ɓarna a kan lokaci kuma su faɗi cikin naui na manyan ƙira. Rashes a cikin wannan nauin nauin nauin psoriasis da ba kasafai ba yana da ƙaiƙayi kuma yana iya haifar da zafi mai zafi.
- Psoriatic Arthritis
Psoriatic amosanin gabbai cuta ce ta rheumatological wacce ke da zafi sosai kuma tana tauye ayyukan jikin mutum, kuma tana shafar kusan 1 cikin 3 na marasa lafiyar psoriasis. An kasu kashi psoriatic amosanin gabbai zuwa ƙungiyoyi 5 daban-daban dangane da alamun. A halin yanzu, babu wani magani ko wata hanyar magani da za ta iya warkar da wannan cuta a zahiri.
Psoriatic amosanin gabbai a cikin marasa lafiya tare da psoriasis, wanda shine ainihin cuta ta autoimmune, yana faruwa bayan tsarin rigakafi ya kai hari ga gidajen abinci da kuma fata. Wannan yanayin, wanda zai iya yin tasiri sosai ga haɗin gwiwar hannu, zai iya faruwa a kowane haɗin gwiwa a cikin jiki. Bayyanar cututtukan fata a cikin marasa lafiya yawanci yana faruwa ne kafin faruwar gunaguni na haɗin gwiwa.
Yaya ake gano Psoriasis?
Sau da yawa ana gano cutar ta bayyanar cututtuka na fata. Kasancewar psoriasis a cikin iyali yana taimakawa ganewar asali. A mafi yawan lokuta, ana iya gano psoriasis ta hanyar nazarin jiki da kuma nazarin raunuka kadai. A cikin iyakokin gwajin jiki, ana tambayar kasancewar alamun da ke da alaƙa da psoriasis. A cikin abubuwan da ake tuhuma, ana yin biopsy na fata.
A lokacin aikin biopsy, ana ɗaukar ƙaramin samfurin fata kuma ana aika samfuran zuwa dakin gwaje-gwaje don bincika a ƙarƙashin naurar hangen nesa. Tare da tsarin biopsy, ana iya bayyana nauin psoriasis.
Baya ga tsarin biopsy, ana iya yin gwaje-gwajen ƙwayoyin cuta daban-daban don tallafawa gano cutar psoriasis. Cikakken adadin jini, matakin rheumatoid factor, erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), matakin uric acid, gwajin ciki, sigogin hanta da gwajin fata na PPD suna cikin sauran kayan aikin ganowa waɗanda za a iya amfani da su.
Yaya ake Maganin Psoriasis (Psoriasis)?
Hakanan ana laakari da raayin mai haƙuri yayin yanke shawarar maganin psoriasis. Tun da magani zai kasance na dogon lokaci, bin umarnin mai haƙuri tare da tsarin kulawa yana da mahimmanci. Yawancin marasa lafiya kuma suna da matsalolin rayuwa kamar kiba, hauhawar jini da hyperlipidemia. Ana kuma laakari da waɗannan yanayi yayin tsara magani. Ana gudanar da shirin jiyya bisa ga tsananin cutar da kuma ko yana cutar da ingancin rayuwa.
A cikin lokuta da aka gano zuwa wani yanki na jiki, ana amfani da mayukan fata masu dacewa. Creams dauke da cortisone galibi ana fifita su. Ana ba da shawarar creams don kiyaye fata m. Ana kula da mata masu juna biyu tare da mayukan cortisone marasa ƙarfi da kuma phototherapy. Kafin wannan, ana iya tuntuɓar likitan mata don samun bayanin cewa maganin ba zai haifar da wata illa ba.
Cream, gel, foam ko magungunan feshi da aka samu masu dauke da corticosteroids na iya zama da amfani a lokuta na psoriasis mai laushi da matsakaici. Ana amfani da waɗannan kwayoyi yau da kullun yayin daɗaɗɗa, kuma ana amfani da su na tsawon lokaci a lokacin lokutan da cutar ba ta wanzu. Yin amfani da magungunan corticosteroid mai ƙarfi na dogon lokaci na iya haifar da ɓacin rai. Wata matsalar da ke faruwa tare da yin amfani da dogon lokaci ita ce maganin ya rasa tasiri.
A lokacin da yin haske far (phototherapy), da na halitta da kuma ultraviolet haskoki na daban-daban raƙuman ruwa ana amfani da. Wadannan haskoki na iya kawar da kwayoyin garkuwar jiki wadanda suka mamaye sel lafiya na fata. A cikin m kuma matsakaici lokuta na psoriasis, UVA da UVB haskoki na iya samun tasiri mai kyau akan sarrafa gunaguni.
A cikin phototherapy, ana amfani da maganin PUVA (Psoralen + UVA) tare da psoralen. Hasken da za a iya amfani da shi wajen maganin psoriasis su ne UVA haskoki tare da tsawon nanometer 311 da kunkuntar band UVB haskoki tare da tsawon nanometer 313. Za a iya amfani da hasken ultraviolet B (UVB) mai kunkuntar akan yara, mata masu juna biyu, mata masu shayarwa ko tsofaffi. Nauin nauin psoriasis wanda ke amsa mafi kyau ga phototherapy shine guttate psoriasis.
A wasu lokuta, likitoci na iya fi son magunguna masu dauke da bitamin D. Coal kwal kuma yana cikin zaɓin magani. Creams dauke da bitamin D suna da tasiri akan rage yawan sabuntawar ƙwayoyin fata. Ana iya amfani da samfuran da ke ɗauke da gawayi a cikin nauin cream, mai ko shamfu.
A cikin lokuta masu tsanani na psoriasis, ana amfani da magungunan tsarin jiki ban da phototherapy kuma ana kara maɗauran creams a cikin jiyya. Yana da mahimmanci don kiyaye fata da laushi da laushi. An fi son tsarin maganin miyagun ƙwayoyi musamman a lokuta na kumburi na haɗin gwiwa da kuma shigar da ƙusa.
Magungunan daji irin su methotrexate da cyclosporine, nauin bitamin A da aka sani da retinoids da fumarate-derived kwayoyi suna cikin magungunan tsarin da ake amfani da su wajen maganin psoriasis. A cikin marasa lafiya inda aka fara maganin tsarin, yakamata a yi gwajin jini na yau da kullun kuma a kula da ayyukan hanta da koda sosai.
Magungunan retinoid suna hana samar da ƙwayoyin fata. Kada a manta cewa raunuka na psoriasis na iya sake faruwa bayan dakatar da amfani da waɗannan kwayoyi. Magungunan da aka samu daga retinoid suma suna da illa iri-iri, kamar kumburin lebe da asarar gashi. Mata masu juna biyu ko matan da suke son yin ciki a cikin shekaru 3 kada su yi amfani da magunguna masu dauke da kwayar cutar retinoids saboda yiwuwar lahani na haihuwa.
Manufar yin amfani da magungunan chemotherapy kamar cyclosporine da methotrexate shine don murkushe martanin tsarin rigakafi. Cyclosporine yana da tasiri sosai wajen sarrafa alamun psoriasis, amma tasirinsa na raunin garkuwar jiki na iya sa mutum ya kamu da cututtuka daban-daban. Su ma wadannan magungunan suna da wasu illolin, kamar matsalar koda da hawan jini.
An lura cewa ƙananan sakamako masu illa suna faruwa lokacin amfani da methotrexate a cikin ƙananan allurai, amma kada a manta cewa mummunan sakamako na iya faruwa tare da amfani na dogon lokaci. Waɗannan munanan illolin sun haɗa da lalacewar hanta da rushewar samar da ƙwayoyin jini.
A cikin psoriasis, akwai yanayin da ke haifar da cutar kuma ya sa ta tashi. Waɗannan sun haɗa da tonsillitis, kamuwa da ƙwayar yoyon fitsari, ruɓar haƙori, lalacewar fata ta hanyar zazzagewa, ɓarna da karce, matsalolin motsin rai, abubuwa masu raɗaɗi da damuwa. Duk waɗannan yanayin dole ne a kula da su yadda ya kamata. Marasa lafiya da ke samun tallafin tunani daga likitocin tabin hankali ko masana ilimin halin dan Adam suma suna cikin hanyoyin da za su iya amfana.
Psoriasis cuta ce da ke da ban shaawa sosai. Kyakkyawar jin daɗin mai haƙuri game da samun lafiya na iya shafar yanayin cutar sosai. An yarda cewa waɗannan madadin hanyoyin da aka yi amfani da su ga marasa lafiya a hankali suna taimaka musu kuma suna da tasirin shawara. Saboda wannan dalili, yana da mahimmanci ga mutanen da ke da psoriasis su kasance ƙarƙashin kulawar likita kuma su amfana daga hanyoyin gargajiya.
Dangantakar da ke tsakanin halayen cin abinci da salon rayuwa da psoriasis har yanzu ba a bayyana cikakken bayani ba. Cire nauyi mai yawa, guje wa amfani da samfuran da ke ɗauke da trans ko fats na halitta, da rage yawan shan barasa canje-canjen tsarin abinci ne waɗanda ke amsa tambayar abin da ke da kyau ga psoriasis. Haka kuma, ya kamata majiyyata su yi taka-tsan-tsan game da irin abincin da suke ci ne ke sa cutar ta tashi.
Damuwa shine babban abin da ke jawo psoriasis. Yin jimrewa da damuwa na rayuwa na iya zama da amfani a cikin duka rage haɓakawa da sarrafa alamun. Ayyukan numfashi, tunani da ayyukan yoga suna daga cikin hanyoyin da za a iya amfani da su don sarrafa damuwa.